Is it permissible to sell or buy after the Adhan is pronounced for any prayer other than the Jumu`ah prayer? What is the ruling on the contract concluded in this case? Does the ruling differ if one of the parties or both of them are non-Muslims? Give us your Fatwa, may Allah reward you!

The prohibition to conduct sales after the Adhan is restricted to the Jumu`ah prayer, for Allah says: “O you who believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the Salat (prayer) on the day of Friday (Jumu’ah prayer), come to the remembrance of Allah [Jumu’ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salat (prayer)] and leave off business (and every other thing)…” (Al-Jumu`ah, 62:9) This order to leave off business is particular to Jumu`ah prayer, while it is permissible to conduct business after the Adhan of any other prayer. On the other hand, if this business distracts a Muslim from prayer, any distraction is not permissible. In any case, the contract is valid and it does not matter if one of the parties or both are non-Muslims.